What is SharePoint & Key components
SharePoint is a Microsoft app and is part of the O365 package. It's a Content Management System (CMS), Document Management System (DMS) and collaboration tool developed and maintained by microsoft. It's basically an intranet that allows user to create and manage sites, pages, document libraries and list. Documents can be organised in folders in the same way we do in our computers. List is more like a table, with columns and row.
SharePoint key components
Site collection
SharePoint site is a website which can contain different SharePoint pages, document library and list.
Pages
SharePoint pages is used for displaying site's contents.
Web parts
SharePoint web part are the building blocks of a SharePoint page.
Documents libraries
Document library in SharePoint is a place used to store files as word documents, excel, powerpoint and other(s).
Lists
A list is a collection of data formated like an excel spreadsheet using column and rows.